Process of lubrication.



C. S. BAVIER.

PROCESS OF LUBRIOATION.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.8, 1910.

1 ,000,958. Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

2 SHEETSSHEET l G. S. BAVIBRi PROCESS OF LUBRIGATION. APPLICATION FILED 11213.8; 1910.,

Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

2 BHEETS-BHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT onricn.

cnntnns' snavma, or new YORK, n. Y.

PROCESS OF LUBRICATION.

Original application filed March 6, 1908, Serial No.

Specification of Letters Patent.

419,603. Divided and this application filed'lebruary 8,

Patented Aug. 15, 19 11.

' 1910. Serial No. 542,794.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES 'S. BAVIER, citizen of the United States, and a resident of theborough of Manhattan, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Lubrication, of'which the following isa specification.

This invention relates to improvements in processes of lubrication, this application be- In a division of that filed by me in the United States Patent Oflice, on March 6th, 1908, Serial Number 419,603.

It is the purpose of the invention to provide efficient lubrication of steam and other engines, without necessitating the use of injurious quantities of the lubricating agent.

. It is further the purpose of the invention'to provide eflicient lubrication for all classes of heat engines, including as well steam engines as internal combustion engines of various kinds, even those using an intense temperature such as certain engines for automobiles, motor boats and the like, in which thedifiiculty of eflicient lubrication is particularly great.

The difliculty in the proper lubrication of engines arises principally from the diflicultyig, of. distributing the lubricant (which will hereinafter be briefly designated by the generic term oil, whatever the nature of the particular lubricant may-be) thoroughly over all. the surfaces which require to be lubricated, for the oil naturally coalesces into drops at the .end of the oil'supplying pipe, which collect on certain partsof said surface and leave other parts thereof with-. out lubrication. Ifii'the oil were thoroughlyv atomized and diffused through .the steam or other agent tively carry the atomized oil to all parts of the surface requiring lubrication, and

effective lubrication would beefiected with the minimum quantity of oil, without the waste and other evils arisin'g from the use of excessive quantities of oil inthe effort to secure lubrication ,Jo'fan faces. But heretofore suchatomization of.

;with a kind of explosive force, particles or, globules of the lubricant asunder and reducing said lubricant to the 'condition' of an atomizer spray; and'the perwhich furnish ed the power, 'then' the steam or other agent would etfec-.

parts of said 'surcessive quantities of the lubricant results in very objectionable carbonizing in various" parts of the engine.

The process which is the subject of this application, however, overcomes these difii' culties and obtains thorough-lubrication of all parts of. the engine requiring lubrication by effecting the atomizationof the'oil in the power-generating medium, and its de-- livery by said medium to all parts of the surfaces requiring lubrication,-and this is accomplished by mingling withthe lubricant a substance having a lower. temperature of vaporlzation than said lubricant. The mixture is subjected, by the heat to which it is.-

exposed, as well as by mechanical means if desired, to a pressure greater than that in the chamber into which the lubricant'is'to be introduced, and the mixture is preferably fed into said chamber against. a regulated resistance device, such as a properly weight-' 4 ed valve. Since the pressure of' the mixture 1s greaterthan that of the medium. in said chamber, the said substance which was mingled with the lubricant e qiands-sutlas'the mixtureenters said chamber,

denly tearing the feet atomization of the lubricant is further".

promoted chamber.

by the high temperature in said- --The lubricant being perfectly atomized diffuses through said'power generating medium and is by it distributed over the entire surfacesrequiring-lubrication.

The process may be performed by various.

forms of apparatus, and particularly it may be performed either by placing the lubfr-i having a lower-tern; of, vaporization in se arate" re and causing them tomlngle after cantand he substance perature ce tacles,

being placed in their saidv separate receptatacle and I therefore show severaliforms of apparatus in I the .I accompanying i-drawings,

Figs. 3 and- 1 are enlarged sectional details of-the "regulated resistance device respeccles, or by placing them both in one recepl part cularly adapted to lubricating certain internal combustion engines in which the 5 power-generating agent is used at \high temperature and pressure. This figure also i indicates the apparatus as adapted for operation from a prime-mover.

Referring-to-Figs. 1 and 2, the chamber A, shown partly broken, may be a steam main, or a cylinder, or other member of an engine or system operated by a gaseous agent, such as steam, explosive mixtures of air and other gases in automobile engines and the like. The oil is delivered to said chamber A in the manner now to be de; scribed.

B is a receptacle for the oil and the substance, having a lower temperature of vaporization, such as an oil cup of any suitable description provided with the air inlet b and threadedinto a boss at of a compressor C, which may be of any suitable description,

and may be simply constructed as a reciprocating-plunger pump, the plunger D of which has a gas-tight fit in said pump by a washer d and the least possible clearance when at the end of its compression stroke (Fig. 1). Said plunger D may be reciprocated in any suitable manner, by hand or by mechanical power, as bya handle or lever H, the extension h of which is pivoted to link It fulcrumed at h. The end a of the pump barrel is provided with a hole open ing into said pump barrel and with a valve seat on which seats a valve Z, opening outward and normally-held to itsseat by a spring m, held and regulated by a screw plug a, threaded into screw cap 0 of said pump barrel. The space outside valve 1 connects by a pi e l: with a valve-nozzle or chamber E, which extends well into said chamber A so as to be heated bythe hot gases (whether steam or other gas) in said chamber A, and in practice I may extend said nozzle E even farther into said chamber A than is indicated in the drawings, or may construct it so as to increase its heating surface. Said nozzle E-has an orifice e, opening into said chamber A and normally closed by a resistance valve 6 which is held to its seat by a regulated force in opposition to the effect of the mixture coming from the pump 0 to open it; and this force is conveniently a spring 9 held in the socket cap k fixed 'by arms k to a nut 71 which threads on the end of said nozzle E. Said valve e has an enlarged stem f, which p ro-.

vides shoulders to be press'ed upon by the said mixture, and said stem 7 passes, properly packed, through a' gland j. The force tending to press valve 6 to its seat is therefore regulated by adjusting said cap it.

' The process is operated by thesaid apparatus as follows: The commingled lubricant and substance of lower temperature of evaporation such as gasolene, or water, for example, feedv drop by drop from said receptacle B into said pump or compressor C, said plunger D being drawn back toopen the communication from said receptacle B to said compressor. At the proper time said plunger D is thrown forward, compressing saidmixture of lubricant and substance, together with any air which may have entered compressor C through the sight feed openmedium in said chamber A, and greater than all resisting loads on the terminal valve and said valve 0 ens, allowing said mixture to escape into, said chamber A. But immediately upon said valve opening, the said pressure being relieved, said substance expands with a kind of explosive violence, atomizes the lubricant and dissipates it as a mist into the power-generating medium, which conveys the lubricant to all parts of the surfaces requiring lubrication.

Referring to Fig. 5, which shows apparatus arranged to be actuated from any motor or engine, and in proper unison therewith, by a connecting rod D from any suitable part of said motor or engine, to the rocking lever h, most of the parts of the apparatus are similar to those hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 inclusive, but a separate receptacle T, of any suitable construction and material, is now provided for the substance having a lower point of vaporization than the lubricant, and-said receptacle T is connected with the compressor 0 by a pipe t controlled by valve 6 and tapped into the boss d, with which boss the oil cup or other receptacle B for the lubricant mayalso be connected. With this construction the said lubricant and substance intermingle as they enter the compressor, or therein, and the mixture, together with any air that has entered through the sight feed opening, if any has, is forced, as before, by plunger D into nozzle E, heated and opens valve 6 and escapes into chamber A, and the explosivelike action of the expanding substance atomizes the lubricant as before, the power-generating medium distributing it as before over all the surfaces requiring lubrication.

The temperature to which the mixture is heated .will generally be higher than that, of .the temperature of vaporization of the than the pressure of the power-generating v substance which is mixed with the said lu- "bricant, the explosive force of the said substance when the mixture is entering cham-' her A being thereby increased. It will of course be" understood that th compressor can be operated by mechanical power as well as by hand, and other changes I can be made in the apparatus.

Now having described my improvements, I claim as my invention.

The process of lubricating heat engines,

, consisting in mixing lubricant and a material having a lower temperature of vaporization outside of the space to be lubricated, compressing the mixture outside of said heating the mixture and relieving space thereof outside of said space,

the pressure medium, substantially as described. I

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York, and State of-New York, this 31st day of January A. D. 1910. V

CHARLES S. BAVIER.

Witnesses:

EMANUEL WEIL, .Tnos. G. LEONARD.

whereby the lu 20 

